I had an flawed idea. If RS-232 serial had an extra bit, it could be used to handshake. - This still needs A.TX and another input A.input.
The PIC microcontrollers have a UART with a TX and RX.
You can connect TX on one chip to RX on another chip.
I was reading about SIMPLEX and DUPLEX.
You can connect TX on one chip to RX on another chip.
This is SIMPLEX.
The TX transmits and RX receives.
If you had Chip A and Chip B you could wire:-
A.TX to B.RX B.TX to A.RX
The simple microcontrollers have a UART with a TX and RX. They support 5,7,8 and sometimes 9 bits.
5 bits for BAUDOT 7 bits + Parity 8 bits 9 bits , where the 9 bit indicates ADDRESS
If you are sending 8 bit characters with the UART set to 8 bits, there is no spare bit for a second channel.
The UART from 40 years ago did not support the 9 bit. They did support Parity Error, Frame Error, Break interrupts, which could be used.
Parity Error - unexpected value of the parity bit Frame Error - unexpected value of the stop bit. Break - input held in START for more bits than expected , more than n bits plus stop bit.
Over run Error - the RX has failed to read the received data in time and it has been lost.
See: http://archive.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/datasheets/8250A-UART.pdf
I had an idea. If RS-232 serial had an extra bit it could be used to handshake. - This still needs A.TX and another input A.input.
You need at least a 2 layer protocol, with the lower layer managing the layer above.
HDLC used in ITU MTP Level 2 has the FIB and BIB bits.
FLAG - 01111110 - escaped, if seen in the data. At each the end of the packet.
FIB - Forward Indicator Bit BIB - Backward Indicator Bit
FSN - forward sequence number BSN - backward sequence number
CRC - sent just before FLAG - used to error check packet.
The FIB is toggled and the BIB is toggled to respond. This allows a ACK or NACK.
The toggle protocol is important. If you have a SET / RESET protocol then A needs to let B write access. B needs to assert a reset. If you toggle, the other end can delay responding
RS-232 has the extra wires
DSR and DTR to act as signals to say powered up RTS, and CTS to say Request to Send and Clear to Send.
ASCII has control characters and XON and XOFF
Unfortunately UARTS do not have spare bits to carry a backward bit.
It would be possible to add extra bits to the Serial frame to carry the RTS and CTS signals.
The SLI telephone exchange had a protocol where the Peripheral Interface card polled the cards, and the cards responded with a short reply if they had nothing to report.
ITU MTP Level 2 HDLC has the FIB and BIB bits
I suppose you could use an escape
I suppose you could use 7 bits and re-purpose the Parity Bit
You could use 6 bits.
Using the Frame error and BREAK could be used.
When I was exprimenting with PIC16F628 I used a HALF-DUPLEX circuit.
I could detect if the Serial lead was plugged in.
I could test if PA0 was pulled to the STOP level.
; SERIAL PORT CONTROL: ; ; PORT A0 is Serial input ; PORT A0 is serial output ; ; usb gmus-03 USB Serial Adapter ; ; TX D9 Pin 3 -[4k7]-+-PA0 ; RX D9 Pin 2 - - - -/ ; GND D9 Pin 5 - - - - 0V
A SIMPLEX protocol that can be used is the timed reset protocol where inactivity on the TX signifies a reset.
Another example SIMPLEX protocol is the BREAK that forces a Over run error, as the expected stop bit is not seen.
Another SIMPLEX protocol that can reset is the one used on LCD displays where the interface is four bits but the commands are 8 bit. However the interface has an additional wire to signal data or command.
If the microcontroller has been reset, and the LCD display has not, the microcontroller has to flush out half sent commands.
Hitachi HD44780:-
; wlcdCmd($33); { force to 8 bit mode }
; wlcdCmd($32); { force to 4 bit mode }
; wlcdCmd($28); { 4 bit, 2 line, 5x7 display }
; wlcdCmd($01); { Clear Display }
; wlcdCmd($0F); { $0F - Display On,CursorOn,Blink }
; wlcdCmd($C9); { set dd address }
https://www.ascii-code.com/characters/control-characters
Here is a page with more detail and usage.
https://www.jkorpela.fi/chars/c0.html
https://theasciicode.com.ar/ascii-printable-characters/question-mark-ascii-code-63.html
ASCII control characters
00 NULL(Null character)
01 SOH(Start of Header)
02 STX(Start of Text) 03 ETX(End of Text)
04 EOT(End of Trans.) 05 ENQ(Enquiry) 06 ACK(Acknowledgement) 07 BEL(Bell)08BS(Backspace)
09 HT(Horizontal Tab) 10 LF(Line feed) 11 VT(Vertical Tab) 12 FF(Form feed) 13 CR(Carriage return)
14 SO(Shift Out) 15 SI(Shift In)
16 DLE(Data link escape)
17 DC1(Device control 1) 18 DC2(Device control 2) 19 DC3(Device control 3) 20 DC4(Device control 4)
21 NAK(Negative acknowl.) 22 SYN(Synchronous idle) 23 ETB(End of trans. block) 24 CAN(Cancel) 25 EM(End of medium) 26 SUB(Substitute) 27 ESC(Escape)
28 FS(File separator) 29 GS(Group separator) 30 RS(Record separator) 31 US(Unit separator)
127DEL(Delete)